AP+Chemistry

=AP Chemistry= media type="custom" key="22829952" Valuable AP Chemistry notes, practice quizzes, worksheets, PowerPoints and other information can be found at: //sciencegeek.net//

=//UNIT 1:Chemical Foundations--Matter and measurement (Descriptive Chemistry)//= =Unit 2: Atomic Structure & Periodicity (Structure of Matter, Descriptive Chemistry)= =Unit 3: Bonding and Molecular Structure (Structure of Matter)= 1. Binding Forces 2. Molecular models 3. Geometry of molecules and ions: structural isomerism of simple organic molecules and coordination
 * 1) //Classification and Properties of matter: elements- compounds-mixtures; homogeneous-heterogeneous//
 * 2) //Significant Figures//
 * 3) Scientific Notation
 * 4) Dimensional Analysis
 * 5) Basic atomic structure
 * 6) Ions, Polyatomic ions
 * 7) Compound Names & Formulas
 * 8) Stock System
 * 1) Atomic Theories and Discoveries
 * 2) Modern Atomic Theory
 * 3) Atomic Mass and determination by chemical and physical means including isotopes
 * 4) Periodic Table
 * 5) Electron configuration, energy levels, atomic spectra, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals
 * 6) Periodic relationship trends and reasons: atomic radii, ionization energies, electron affinities oxidation states
 * a. Types: ionic, covalent, metallic, Hydrogen bonding, van der Waals(including London Dispersion Forces)
 * b. Relationships to states, structure and properties of matter
 * c. Polarity of bonds, electronegativities
 * a. Lewis Structures
 * b. Valence bond: hybridization of orbitals, resonance, sigma and pi bonds
 * c. VSEPR

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=Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry (Reactions & Descriptive Chemistry)= = = =Unit 5: Gases (States of Matter)= 1. Laws of Ideal Gases 2. Kinetic molecular theory
 * 1) Mole Concept
 * 2) Molar mass
 * 3) Percent composiiton
 * 4) Balancing Equations
 * 5) Reaction Types
 * 6) Synthesis
 * 7) Decomposition
 * 8) Single Replacement
 * 9) Double Replacement
 * 10) Acid-Base reactions
 * 11) Combustion
 * 12) Oxidation-Reduction: oxidation number, role of the electron
 * 13) Predicting Products
 * 14) Empirical Formulas
 * 15) Mass-mass, mass-volume
 * 16) Limiting Reagents--Theoretical Yield
 * a. Equation of state for an Ideal Gas
 * b. Partial Pressures
 * a. Interpretation of Ideal Gas Laws on the basis of this theory
 * b. Avogadro's hypothesis and the mole concept
 * c. Dependence of kinetic energy of molecules on temperature
 * d. Deviations from the Ideal Gas Laws

=Unit 6: Solutions (States of Matter)= Liquid and solids Solutions =Unit 7: Kinetics (Reactions)=
 * Liquids and solids from the molecular kinetic viewpoint
 * Phase diagrams of one-component systems
 * Changes of state including critical points and triple points
 * Structure of solids -- lattice energies
 * Types of solutions and factors affecting solubility
 * Methods of expressing concentration
 * Raoult's law and Colligative properties; osmosis
 * Non-ideal behavior (qualitative aspects)
 * 1) Concept of Rate of Reaction and causes for change
 * 2) Use of experimental data and graphical analysis to determine reactant order, rate constants and reaction rate laws
 * 3) Effect of temperature changes on rates
 * 4) Energy of activation and the role of catalysts
 * 5) Reaction mechanism and with focus on rate determining steps

=Unit 8: Equilibrium Kc, Kp (Reactions)=
 * 1) Dynamic equilibrium
 * 2) Le Chatelier's Principle
 * 3) Equilibrium Constants solving problems using Kp & Kc

=Unit 9: Acid-Base Ka, Kb, Kw (Reactions)=
 * 1) Acid/Base reactions; concepts of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis
 * 2) Amphoterism and coordination complexes
 * 3) Concept of pH and pOH
 * 4) Solving problems using equilibrium concepts: Ka, Kb, Kw

=Unit 10: Acid-Base II: Titration, buffers, Ksp (Reactions)=
 * 1) Acid-Base Titration
 * 2) Common ion effect; buffers, hydrolysis
 * 3) Solubility product constants and their application to precipitation and dissolving of slightly soluble compounds

=Unit 11: Thermodynamics (Reactions)=
 * 1) State Functions
 * 2) First Law: change in enthalpy; heat of formation; heat of reaction; Hess's Law; heats of vaporization, fusion, formation, combustion; calorimetry
 * 3) Second Law: entropy; free energy of formation; free energy of reaction; dependence of change in free energy on the enthalpy and entropy
 * 4) Relationship of change of free energy to equilibrium constants

=Unit 12: Electrochemistry (Reactions)=
 * 1) electrolytic and galvanic cells; Faraday's Laws; standard half-cell potentials; Nernst equation
 * 2) Prediction of direction of redox reactions using electrode potentials

=Unit 13: Organic chemistry and Coordination Chemistry (Descriptive Chemistry)=
 * 1) Introduction to organic chemistry: hydrocarbons and functional groups(structure, nomenclature and chemical properties
 * 2) Simple organic reactions of both hydrocarbons and heterocarbons
 * 3) Introduction to synthesis and properties of simple coordination complexes

=Unit 14: Nuclear Chemistry (Structure of Matter)=
 * 1) Nuclear Chemistry: nuclear reactions, half-lives, isotopes, radioactivity
 * 2) Application of nuclear: nuclear energy, radioactive dating, medical
 * 3) Differential rate law equations, intergrated rate law equations

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